اَلسَلامُ عَلَيْكُم وَرَحْمَةُ اَللهِ وَبَرَكاتُهُ

SUB.SCIENCE.

‎TOPIC..

Endocrine Diseases

Introduction

• The diseases caused by either the deficiency or excessive of hormones is known as endocrine diseases.

• The branch of medicine that studies the endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.

The List of Endocrine Diseases

• The following table illustrates the endocrine diseases −

Glucose Homeostasis Disorders
Diseases	Types	Result
Diabetes Mellitus	Type 1 Diabetes	Increases sugar levels
	Type 2 Diabetes
	Gestational Diabetes
Hypoglycemia	Idiopathic hypoglycemia	Decreases sugar level (below normal)
	Insulinoma
Glucagonoma	Cause: Because of the overproduction of glucagon hormone	tumor of the pancreas
Thyroid Disorders
Goiter	Cause: deficiency of iodine	swelling of the neck or larynx
Hyperthyroidism (excessive production of thyroid hormone)	Graves-Basedow disease	Muscle weakness, sleeping problems, diarrhea, weight loss, etc.
	Toxic multinodular goitre
Hypothyroidism
(low release of thyroid hormone)		Poor ability to tolerate cold, a feeling of tiredness, constipation, depression, and weight gain
Thyroiditis	Hashimoto’s thyroiditis	Inflammation of the thyroid gland
Thyroid cancer		Nodule in the thyroid region of the neck
Metabolic Bone Disease
Parathyroid gland disorders	Primary hyperparathyroidism	Alterations in the blood calcium levels and bone metabolism
	Secondary hyperparathyroidism
	Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
	Hypoparathyroidism
Osteoporosis		Bone weakness
Paget's disease of bone		Weakening of bones
Rickets and Osteomalacia		Child disease (because of vitamin D deficiency)
Pituitary Gland Disorders
Diabetes insipidus		Excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely dilute urine
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary tumors	Pituitary adenomas
	Prolactinoma
	Acromegaly
	Cushing's disease
Sex Hormone Disorders
Intersex disorders	Hermaphroditism
	Gonadal dysgenesis
	Androgen insensitivity syndromes
Genetic and chromosomal disorders	Kallmann syndrome Klinefelter syndrome     Turner syndrome   Acquired disorders Ovarian failure   Testicular failure   Disorders of Puberty Delayed puberty     Precocious puberty   Menstrual function or fertility disorders Amenorrhea   Polycystic ovary syndrome