🌿🌿👉👉Punctuation marks👈👈🌏🌏

Punctuation marks are symbols used in writing to clarify meaning, indicate pauses, and organize sentences. Here are the most common punctuation marks and their primary uses:  

### **1. Period (.)**  

- Ends a declarative sentence.  

  - *She went to the store.*  

- Used in abbreviations.  

  - *Dr., etc., U.S.A.*  

### **2. Comma (,)**  

- Separates items in a list.  

  - *I bought apples, bananas, and oranges.*  

- Joins independent clauses with a conjunction.  

  - *I wanted to go, but it was raining.*  

- Sets off introductory phrases, non-essential clauses, and direct address.  

  - *However, I disagree.*  

  - *My brother, who lives in Paris, is visiting.*  

  - *Lisa, can you help me?*  

### **3. Question Mark (?)**  

- Ends a direct question.  

  - *What time is it?*  

### **4. Exclamation Mark (!)**  

- Shows strong emotion or emphasis.  

  - *Watch out!*  

  - *That’s amazing!*  

### **5. Colon (:)**  

- Introduces a list, explanation, or quotation.  

  - *Bring these items: a pen, paper, and a notebook.*  

  - *She had one goal: to win.*  

### **6. Semicolon (;)**  

- Connects closely related independent clauses.  

  - *I have a test tomorrow; I need to study.*  

- Separates complex list items.  

  - *The conference has people from Paris, France; Berlin, Germany; and Tokyo, Japan.*  

### **7. Quotation Marks (“ ” or ' ')**  

- Encloses direct speech or quotes.  

  - *She said, “Hello.”*  

- Indicates titles of short works (articles, poems, songs).  

  - *Have you read “The Raven”?*  

### **8. Apostrophe (’)**  

- Shows possession.  

  - *Sarah’s book*  

- Indicates contractions.  

  - *Don’t, can’t, it’s*  

### **9. Hyphen (-)**  

- Joins compound words.  

  - *Well-known, mother-in-law*  

- Connects numbers (twenty-one).  

### **10. Dash (— or –)**  

- **Em dash (—)** adds emphasis or interruption.  

  - *She was—unexpectedly—late.*  

- **En dash (–)** indicates ranges (pages 10–15).  

### **11. Parentheses ( )**  

- Adds extra, non-essential information.  

  - *He finally answered (after five minutes).*  

### **12. Brackets [ ]**  

- Used in quotes for clarifications.  

  - *“He [the president] spoke yesterday.”*  

### **13. Ellipsis (…)**  

- Indicates omitted text or a trailing thought.  

  - *“To be continued…”*  

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